IUVA Education Resource Center

Health

Our Guiding Principles

The Healthcare/UV Working Group’s goal is to develop, implement and gain acceptance of nationally recognized standards for UV disinfection devices, leading to the wide spread adoption of these devices and more effective use of UV technologies in the disinfecting protocols throughout the healthcare and public sectors. We will cover any governmental processes and programs to assist in the delivery of UV-C germicidal standards that promotes patient health, enhances patient safety and reduces health worker and public risk of contracting contagions while in medical or public environments. Candidates for posting to the repository include any citable standards, guides, references, studies, reports, presentations or articles of a factual, informative or policy-making nature (not marketing or promotional) that further that goal.

Troy E. Cowan is the Sr. Advisor/Program Coordinator for the IUVA’s Healthcare/UV Working Group. Since joining IUVA in 2016, Mr. Cowan has applied his 40+ years of knowledge of governmental processes and programs and led several initiatives for IUVA to enhance UV technology understanding in the Healthcare Sector including formation of the IUVA Healthcare/UV Working Group, now at 120+ members, across 14 countries; establishment of working partnerships with key industry-consensus-standards organizations (i.e., NIST, IES, ASHRAE, ISO, NEMA, GLA) leading to at least five ANSI standards development projects in UV irradiance and efficacy measurement areas within 3 years; staging two major multi-agency, international Healthcare workshops – Yale (2018), NIST (2020); facilitation of multiple webinars on UV-C germicidal technologies (e.g., N95 Disinfection, Return to Normalcy, Far UVC). Mr. Cowan contributes a quarterly column to UV Solutions (IUVA’s e- magazine) and has co-authored more than five articles on UV-C disinfection technologies and policy, published in the NIST Journal of Research.

Documents & Resources

Sub-topicTitleAuthorCommentsSourceDateLink
UV rate constant data - VirusA radiological study of cell-virus interaction in the Rous sarcomaRubin, H and H Temin

Contains valid UV k data

Virol 7: 751959
UV rate constant data - BacteriaA study of the bactericidal action of ultraviolet lightGates FL

Contains valid UV k data

J Gen Physiol 13:231-2601929
UV rate constant data - BacteriaAction of ultraviolet light on spores and vegetative forms of B. megatherium spHercik F

Contains valid UV k data

J Gen Physiol 204:589-5941937
UV rate constant data - VirusAirborne micro-organisms : Survival tests with four virusesHarper GJ

Contains valid UV k data

Journal of Hygiene 59:479-4861961
UV rate constant data - VirusAntigenicity of hepatitis A virus after ultraviolet irradiationWang C-H, Tschen S-Y, Flehmig B

Contains valid UV k data

Vaccine 139:835-8401995
UV ModelingApplication and measurement of ultraviolet radiationNagy R

Contains valid UV k data

AIHA J 25:274-2811964
UV PerformanceApplications of germicidal ultraviolet in infectious disease laboratoriesPhillips GB, Novak FE

Historical Applications Guide

Appl Microb 4:95-961955
Lighting Measurement and Testing APPROVED METHOD: APPLICATION DISTANCE RADIOMETRY AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThe Illuminating Engineering Soceity

In near-field conditions the use of far-field IES-format photometric files results in substantially incorrect irradiance, illuminance, or photon-flux density values being predicted by lighting layout models constructed for near-field conditions. This problem can be overcome by using distance-specific IES file(s), generated … following the protocol described in this document

Illuminating Engineering Society (2022) SKU: ANSI/IES LM-91-22 ISBN-13: 978-0-87995-417-82022
UV Measurement & Testing Methods - LEDsAPPROVED METHOD: OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT OF ULTRAVIOLET LEDS AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThe Illuminating Engineering Soceity

Provides guidance for the measurement of UV-emitting LEDs, normally available in the form of an LED package, array, or module.

Illuminating Engineering Society (2022) SKU: ANSI/IES LM-92-22 ISBN-13: 978-0-87995-419-22022
UV Measurement & Testing Methods - Far UC-V SourcesAPPROVED METHOD: OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS OF FAR UV-C EXCIMER SOURCES AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThe Illuminating Engineering Soceity

Describes the procedures to be followed and the precautions to be observed in performing uniform and reproducible measurements of the electrical and ultraviolet optical radiation characteristics of far UV-C excimer sources predominantly emitting at a peak wavelength within the far UV-C range (200 nm to 230 nm).

Illuminating Engineering Society (2022) SKU: ANSI/IES LM-93-22 ISBN-13: 978-0-87995-439-02022
Indoor Air Quality StandardsASHRAE 241-2023Control of Infectious Aerosols STANDARD by ASHRAE, 2023ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 241 Cognizant TC: Environmental Health CommitteeSPLS Liaison: Doug FickASHRAE Staff Liaisons: Steve Hammerling and Stephanie Reiniche

The catalyst for the development of Standard 241 was discussion between ASHRAE and the White House COVID-19 Response Team about the need for new and better IAQ standards. ASHRAE was encouraged to take the lead in developing a new standard for control of airborne pathogens.

ASHRAE Library of Standards2023/06/24
UV rate constant data - VirusBacteriophage of Haemophilus influenzae – II Repair of ultraviolet-irradiated phage DNA and the capacity of irradiated cells to make phageSetlow J, Boling M

Contains valid UV k data

J Mol Biol 63:349-3621972
UV rate constant data - VirusCarcinogens enhance survival of UV-irradiated simian virus 40 in treated monkey kidney cells: Induction of a recovery pathway?Sarasin AR, Hanawalt PC

Contains valid UV k data

Proc Natl Acad Sci 751:356-3501978
UV rate constant data - BacteriaContact lens disinfection by ultraviolet lightDolman PJ, Dobrogowski MJ

Contains UV k surface data

Am J Opthalmol 1086:665-6691989
UV rate constant data - VirusDefective host-cell reactivation of UV-irradiated Herpes Simplex virus by Bllom’s Syndrome skin fibroblasts In: Hanawalt PC, Friedberg EC, Cox CF, editorsSelsky C, Weichselbaum R, Little JB

Contains valid UV k data

DNA Repair Mechanisms, NY Academic Press1978
UV rate constant data - VirusDisinfection of Hepatitis A virus and MS-2 coliphage in water by ultraviolet irradiation: Comparison of UV-susceptibilityWeidenmann A, Fischer B, Straub U, Wang C-H, Flehmig B, Schoenen D

Contains valid UV k data

Wat Sci Technol 273-4:335-3381993
UV PerformanceEffectiveness of a shielded ultraviolet C air disinfection system in an inpatient pharmacy of a tertiary care children’s hospitalGuimera, D, J Trzil, J Joyner and ND Hysmith

Concentration reduction data

Am J Infect Control 462: 223-2252018
UV DisinfectionEnhancing the New Normalcy with Ultraviolet (Uv) Disinfection – Minutes of a 2 Day IUVA WebinarModerators: Troy Cowan, Katja Auer, Dr. Ashish Mathur, Dr. Arthur Kreitenberg, Steve Reinecke, Dr. Dianne Poster

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has delivered a profound and negative impact to communities worldwide, with the suspension of normal activities having lasting effects on all. This forum facilitated dialogue between stakeholders involved in all aspects of UV disinfection to spur communication and networking regarding resuming to normalcy measures and policies. Potential UV disinfection strategies, concerns, and regulatory barriers in restarting normal activities were discussed.

IUVA Webinar Library2021
UV PerformanceEvaluation of multiple fixed in-room air cleaners with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, in high-occupancy areas of selected commercial indoor environmentsLee, L D, G Delclos, ML Berkheiser, MT Barakat and PA Jensen

In-place testing of air disinfection

J Occup Environ Hyg 191: 67-772022
Far UVCFar UV-C radiation: An emerging tool for pandemic controlErnest R. Blatchley III, David J. Brenner, Holger Claus, Troy E. Cowan, Karl G. Linden, Yijing Liu, Ted Mao, Sung-Jin Park, Patrick J. Piper, Richard M. Simons & David H. Sliney

Gives current overview and assessment of Far_UVC validated information

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2022.20843152022
UV rate constant data - VirusFormation of small plaques by Herpes viruses irradiated with ultraviolet lightRoss LJN, Wildy P, Cameron KR

Contains valid UV k data

Virol 45:808-8121971
UV rate constant data - VirusGermicidal lamp inactivation of poliovirusCarlson HJ

Contains valid UV k data

Am J Publ Health 32:1256-12621975
UV rate constant data - VirusHuman T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 is highly sensitive to UV-C lightShimizu A, Shimizu N, Tanaka A, Jinno-Oue A, Roy B, Shinagawa M, Ishikawa O, Hoshino H

Contains valid UV k data

J Gen Virol 85:2397-24062004
UV rate constant data - BacteriaIn vitro studies of interaction of rickettsia and macrophages: Effect of ultraviolet light on Coxiella burnetti inactivation and macrophage enzymesLittle JS, Kishimoto RA, Canonico PG

Contains valid UV k data

Infect Immun 273:837-8411980
UV rate constant data - VirusInactivation of Murine Sarcoma and Leukemia viruses by ultraviolet irradiationKelloff G, Aaronson SA, Gilden RV

Contains valid UV k data

Virol 42:1133-11351970
UV rate constant data - VirusMultiplicity reactivation of human cytomegalovirus inactivated by ultraviolet lightAlbrecht T

Contains valid UV k data

Biochim Biophys Acta 905:227-2301974
UV rate constant data - BacteriaPhotoreactivation and ultraviolet inactivation of Mycobacteria in air, MS ThesisGillis HL

Contains valid UV k data

Atlanta, Georgia Technical University1974
UV rate constant data - BacteriaPhotoreactivation of Legionella pneumophila after inactivation by low- or medium-pressure ultraviolet lampsOguma K, Katayama H, Ohgaki S

Contains valid UV k data

Wat Res 3811:2757-27632004
UV rate constant data - BacteriaPhotoreactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated, plasmid-bearing, and plasmid- free strains of Bacillus anthracisKnudson GB

Contains valid UV k data

Appl & Environ Microbiol 523:444-4491986
UV rate constant data - BacteriaPhotoreactivation of UV-irradiated Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella speciesKnudson GB

Contains valid UV k data

Appl & Environ Microbiol 494:975-9801985
UV rate constant data - VirusRadiation Biology, Volume II: Ultraviolet and Related RadiationsHollaender A

Contains valid UV k data

New York: McGraw-Hill1955
UV rate constant data - BacteriaRecovery of Haemophilus influenzae from ultraviolet and X-ray damageBarnhart BJ, Cox SH

Contains valid UV k data

Photochem Photobiol 11:147-1621970
UV PerformanceReduction of Particles in the Operating Room Using Ultraviolet Air Disinfection and Recirculation UnitsCurtis, GL, M Faour, M Jawad, AK Klika, WK Barsoum and CA Higuera

Contains valid UV k data & particle data

J Arthroplasty 337S: S196-S2002018
UV rate constant data - BacteriaResponse of mycobacteria to ultraviolet radiationDavid HL

Contains valid UV k data

Am Rev Resp Dis 108:1175-11841973
UV rate constant data - BacteriaResults of irradiating Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage with monochromatic ultraviolet lightGates FL

Contains valid UV k data

J Exp Med 60:179-1881934
UV rate constant data - BacteriaRole for Nucleotide Excision Repair in Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosisDarwin KH and NC

Contains valid UV k data

Infection & Immunity 738: 4581-45872005
UV rate constant data - VirusStability of Rauscher Leukemia Virus under certain laboratory conditionsStull H, Gazdar A

Contains valid UV k data

Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 152:554-5561976
UV PerformanceSterilization efficacy of ultraviolet irradiation on microbial aerosols under dynamic airflow by experimental air conditioning systemsNakamura H

Contains valid UV k airborne data

Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 342:25-401987
UV rate constant data - VirusStudies on repair of Adenovirus 2 by human fibroblasts using normal, xerodermapigmentosum, and xeroderma pigmentosum heterozygous strainsDay RS

Contains valid UV k data

Cancer Res 34:1965-19701974
UV rate constant data - BacteriaSusceptibility of Burkholderia cepacia and other pathogens of importance in cystic fibrosis to uv lightCairns, G, KG Kerr, CB Beggs, PA Sleigh, L Mooney, P Keig and JK Donnelly

Contains valid UV k data

Lett Appl Microbiol 323: 135-1382001
UV rate constant data - BacteriaSusceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to ultraviolet radiationAntopol SC, Ellner PD

Contains valid UV k data

Appl & Environ Microb 382:347-3481979
UV rate constant data - BacteriaSusceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to ultraviolet radiationAntopol SC, Ellner PD

Contains valid UV k data

Appl & Environ Microb 382:347-3481979
UV rate constant data - VirusThe Antigenic Potency of Epidemic Influenza Virus Following Inactivation by Ultraviolet RadiationSalk, JE, GI Lavin and T Francis

Contains valid UV k data

J Exp Med 726: 729-7451940
UV rate constant data - VirusThe antigenicity of ultraviolet irradiated vaccinia virusCollier LH, McClean D, Vallet L

Contains valid UV k data

Hyg 534:513-5341955
UV rate constant data - BacteriaThe effect of irradiation with ultraviolet light on various properties of typhus rickettsiaeAllen EG, Bovarnick MR, Snyder JC

Contains valid UV k data

J Bact 67:718-7231954
UV rate constant data - BacteriaThe effect of irradiation with ultraviolet light on various properties of typhus rickettsiaeAllen EG, Bovarnick MR, Snyder JC

Contains valid UV k data

J Bact 67:718-7231954
UV rate constant data - BacteriaThe Effect of Ultra Violet Radiation on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Multi-drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumanniiAl-Haddad, Sukainah et al

Contains valid UV k data

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences?14(12):82-862015
UV rate constant data - VirusThe effect of ultraviolet radiation on the primary transcription of Influenza virus messenger RNAsAbraham G

Contains valid UV k data

Virol 97:177-1821979
UV rate constant data - BacteriaThe effects of ultraviolet radiation on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in vitroConner-Kerr, TA, PK Sullivan, J Gaillard, ME Franklin and RM Jones

Contains valid UV k data

Ostomy Wound Manage 4410: 50-561998
UV rate constant data - VirusThe inactivation of hepatitis A virus and other model viruses by UV irradiationBattigelli D, Sobsey M, Lobe D

Contains valid UV k data

Wat Sci Technol 27:3391993
UV rate constant data - VirusThe inactivation of poliovirus in aerosolsde Jong JC, KC Winkler

Contains valid UV k data

Journal of Hygiene 66:557-5651968
UV rate constant data - VirusThe kinetics of batch ultraviolet inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 and microbiological calibration of an ultraviolet pilot plantNieuwstad T, Havelaar A

Contains valid UV k data

J Environ Sci Health A299:1992-20071994
UV rate constant data - VirusThermal and ultraviolet inactivation of plaque purified measles virus clonesDiStefano R, Burgio G, Ammatuna P, Sinatra A, Chiarini A

Contains valid UV k data

G Batteriol Virol Immunol 69:3-111976
UV PerformanceUltra-violet Irradiation as a Means of Disinfection of AirHollaender, A

Historical document on air disinfection

Am J Public Health Nations Health 338: 980-9841943
UV rate constant data - VirusUltraviolet inactivation and photoreactivation of the cholera phage ‘Kappa’Samad SA, Bhattacharya SC, Chatterjee SN

Contains valid UV k data

Radiat Environ Biophjys 26:295-3001987
UV rate constant data - VirusUltraviolet inactivation of Maloney Leukaemia Virus: Relative target size required for virus replication and rescue of ‘defective’ Murine Sarcoma virusNomura S, Bassin RH, Turner W, Haapala DK, Fischinger PJ

Contains valid UV k data

J Gen Virol 14:213-2171972
UV rate constant data - VirusUltraviolet inactivation of murine leukemia and sarcoma virusesYoshikura H

Contains valid UV k data

Int J Cancer 7:131-1401971
UV rate constant data - VirusUltraviolet irradiation doses for coronavirus inactivation – review and analysis of coronavirus photoinactivation studiesHessling, M, K Hones, P Vatter and C Lingenfelder

Contains valid UV k data

GMS Hyg Infect Control 15: Doc082020
UV rate constant data - VirusUltraviolet irradiation of Murine CytomegalovirusShanley JD

Contains valid UV k data

J Gen Virol 63:251-2541982
UV rate constant data - BacteriaUltraviolet light inactivation and photoreactivation in the mycobacteriaDavid HL, Jones WD, Newman CM

Contains valid UV k data

Infect and Immun 4:318-3191971
Ultraviolet Technologies for Public HealthUltraviolet Radiation Technologies and Healthcare-Associated Infections: Standards and Metrology NeedsCompiled and Edited by: Michael T. Postek Dianne L. Poster Norman Horn C. Cameron Miller Richard A. Martinello Troy E. Cowan Yaw S. Obeng and John J. Kasianowicz

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) hosted an international workshop on ultraviolet-C (UV-C) disinfection technologies on January 14?15, 2020, in Gaithersburg, Maryland, in collaboration with the International Ultraviolet Association (IUVA) … to examine the measurement and standards needs for pathogen abatement with UV-C in the healthcare whole-room environment.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Volume 126, Article No. 126014 (2021) https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.126.0142021
UV rate constant data - FungiUltraviolet sensitivity of fungi associated with mycotic keratitis and other mycosesChick EW, AB Hudnell J, Sharp DG

Contains valid UV k data

Sabouviad 24:195-2001963
UV rate constant data - BacteriaUV-induced inactivation rates for airborne Mycobacterium bovis BCGPeccia J, and Hernandez, M

Contains valid UV k data

J Occup Environ Hyg 17:430-4352002
UV rate constant data - VirusViricidal activity of open airBenbough JE, AM Hood

Contains valid UV k data in air

Journal of Hygiene 69:619-6261971